TB is an ancient disease and documented as existing as early as in 4BC. It is also known as 'white plague'. Causative organism was first identified by Robert Koch and hence known as Koch's disease. Before discovery of anti TB drugs, the treatment was generally conservative. First anti TB drug discovered was streptomycin in 1952.

1. Organised efforts to control TB started in India in 1962.
2. TB declared as a global emergency in 1991.
3. DOTS strategy was launched in 1995. RNTCP adopted DOTS Strategy.
4. Stop TB Strategy evolved to achieve MDGs.
5. SDGs and END TB Strategy
6. Need for transforming to NTEP

Epidemiology of TB is described using time, place and person variation of

• burden of TB infection and disease,
• mortality due to TB
• determinants and risk factors that increase the vulnerability to disease and infection 

Discuss the epidemiological triad in relation to TB.

Mycobacterium TB are rod shaped, Acid Fast Bacteria causing Tuberculosis.

Once a person is infected, the further course of the disease progression depends on host factors, and in majority of cases may remain dormant. Disease breakdown happens when there is a reduction in host immunity.

Without treatment the TB patient's clinical condition may deteriorate and eventually leading to death.

describes about various stages in TB patients lifecycle. it includes screening, testing, diagnosis, treatment initiation, adherence monitoring and follow-up, treatment completion and long-term follow-up

The National TB Elimination program is embedded under the National Health Mission.

It is led at the central government level by the Central TB Division, Ministry of health and Family Welfare.

At the state level the State TB Cell manages the TB program, while at the District level it is managed by the District TB Centre.

Below the district level, service delivery points are organized under the Tuberculosis Units, operating at a administrative Block level.

The general concepts and knowledge in TB are divided into these thematic areas

1. History of TB
2. Evolution of TB control programs
3. Epidemiology and burden of TB
4. Microbiology and Pathogenesis of TB

TB Case finding encompasses all activities that are performed to identify TB cases from the population. This includes activities to identify population at high risk of TB and periodically screening them, to final diagnostic testing and notification after confirmation of TB diagnosis. The goal of these activities are directed towards identifying all cases of TB as early as possible.

TB Case finding employs a number of methods or approaches such as Passive Case Finding, Active Case Finding and Intensified Case Finding.

• Management of TB Disease starts once TB is diagnosed and consists of various stages from treatment initiation to completion and post treatment followup.
• During treatment there will be continuous monitoring, including adherence monitoring, clinical and laboratory followup, and Adverse Drug Reaction Management.
• The treatment course is divided into two phases, the intensive and the continuation phase.

TB prevention includes measures taken to prevent spread of TB Infection and the breakdown from infected status to TB disease. These may be infection control measures, identification and treatment of TB infection (Preventive Therapy), Vaccination, and other general measures taken to reduce TB Vulnerabilities.